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Reports Section
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Capture
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Pre-Combustion
- PCDC Hydrogen Membrane Reactors
Summary
Pre-combustion decarbonization (PCDC) technologies separate hydrogen and carbon from hydrocarbons,
allowing the hydrogen to be used as fuel and the carbon to be sequestered. This report summarizes
work by Haldor Topsoe to estimate the capital and operating cost of several PCDC technologies.
The study compares a natural gas-fired membrane reformer and a coal gasifier syngas-fed membrane
water/gas shift reactor, both providing hydrogen fuel to large users (such as refineries). The
membrane reformer has potential to derive significant cost savings for CO2 capture and the report
suggests development options for this technology.
View Report
- PCDC Screening
Summary
Pre-combustion decarbonization (PCDC) technologies separate hydrogen and carbon from hydrocarbons,
allowing the hydrogen to be used as fuel and the carbon to be sequestered. This report summarizes
the initial CCP work to screen several existing PCDC technologies and choose those that the CCP
would further develop.
The study analysed and costed seven different technologies applied to a 400 megawatt (MW) combined
cycle power plant, based on the General Electric (GE) Frame 9351FA machine and capturing 90% of
the carbon dioxide (CO2).
View Report
- Post-Combustion
- OxyFuel
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General
- December 2004: CCP Results Book Now Available
Summary
A book providing the detailed results of Phase 1 of the CO2 Capture
Project has recently been published by Elsevier. This book provides a
valuable reference for scientists, industrialists, governments and
companies interested in a cost-effective option for CO2 mitigation. To
visit Elsevier online for more information about the book,
click here.
- Norcap Seminar October 2003
- Andersen IFE Chemical Looping
Summary
Pre-combustion De-Carbonization: the production of hydrogen from natural
gas with integrated CO2 capture as fuel for a new-build gas-fired power
station. This study by the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)
describes a single-step process that can remove 90% of the CO2 from
natural gas:
View Report
- Benson Berkeley Risk
Summary
Geological Storage Risk Assessment. This study by Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory in California, USA reports lessons learned from
natural gas analogs to the geological storage of CO2 and highlights a
probabilistic methodology that could be used for risk assessment. The
report recommends options for risk management, mitigation and
remediation.
View Report
- Berger Sundset Torp Sleipner SACS
Summary
Geological Storage Case History. A report on the Sleipner experience
with geological storage of CO2 in the Utsira formation (saline aquifer)
offshore Norway. The report summarizes the Sleipner Aquifer CO2 Storage
(SACS) project, which studies the impact of CO2 injection and tracks the
disposition of the CO2 after injection.
View Report
- Bueker Alstom AZEP
Summary
Oxyfuel CO2 Capture. A report by Alstom Power on the Advanced Zero
Emission Power (AZEP) concept using a Mixed Conducting Membrane (MCM)
for separating oxygen from air.
View Report
- Capellen Lee Statoil ChevronTexaco Policy
Summary
Policies and Incentives. A review of global policies that could impact
the deployment of CO2 Capture and Storage for GreenHouse Gas mitigation.
View Report
- CCP Norcap Seminar October 14-15 Agenda
Summary
The agenda for the NORCAP Seminar: October 14 & 15th 2003.
View Agenda
- Chu Nexant Integration
Summary
Post-Combustion Capture. A study by Nexant Inc. of the options for
cost-efficient design and integration to reduce the cost of conventional
post-combustion capture.
View Report
- FalkPetersen Imai Kvaener MHI Membrane
Summary
Post-Combustion Capture. A joint report by Kansai Electric Power (KEP),
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Kvaerner Process Systems (KPS)
into the treatment of exhaust gas to remove CO2 by combining the KPS
membrane contactor with the KEP/MHI KS1 solvent.
View Report
View Report Attachment
- Hill BP Overview of CCP Findings
Summary
CCP Overview. An overview by Gardiner Hill (BP), of the key findings of
CCP.
View Report
- Knaap Mikus Shell Radical Ideas
Summary
Post Combustion Capture. A review by Mariette Knaap (Shell Global
Solutions) of radical ideas to reduce the cost of post-combustion
capture.
View Report
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Lindeberg SINTEF Long Term: Presentation and Simulation
Summary
Geological Storage. A study by SINTEF of the long-term sealing capacity
of wells drilled into geological storage systems. Two files are
available, the presentation and a long-term computer simulation.
View Presentation
View Simulation
- Melien Norsk Hydro Costs
Summary
Economics. A presentation by Torgeir Melien of Norsk Hydro summarizing
the methods used by CCP to estimate and compare the cost of CO2
avoidance for several technologies applied to four real-life scenarios.
View Report
- Perry GTI Gas Storage
Summary
Geological Storage. A report by Kent Perry of the Gas Technology
Institute into lessons to be learned from the gas storage industry that
could be applied to the geological storage of CO2.
View Report
- Raeder SINTEF Dense Pd Membranes
Summary
Pre-Combustion Capture. A presentation by Henrik Raeder of SINTEF
Materials Technology on the applicability of dense palladium membranes
for hydrogen separation.
View Report
- Saeverud Norway Oil Dept Strategy
Summary
A presentation by Ingvild Andreassen Saeverud of the Norwegian Ministry
of Petroleum and Energy on the Norwegian government’s strategy for CO2.
View Report
- Saunders BP NGCAS
Summary
Geological Storage. A report by Mike Saunders of BP on the European
Union’s Next Generation Capture and Storage (NGCAS) project. The project
assessed the potential for geological storage of CO2 around central
Scotland.
View Report
- Seiertsen IFE Materials
Summary
CO2 Transport. A report by Marion Seiertsen of the Norwegian Institute
for Energy Technology (IFE) into material selection for CO2
transportation in an offshore environment.
View Report
- Sjovoll Norsk Hydro Chemistry
Summary
Post-Combustion Capture. A presentation by Merethe Sojvoll of Norsk
Hydro oon radical chemical concepts for CO2 removal from exhaust gas.
View Report
- Vigeland Aasen Norsk Hydro Hydrogen Membrane
Summary
Pre-Combustion Capture. A presentation by Bent Vigeland and Knut Asen of
Norsk Hydro on the development of hydrogen membrane reformer technology
for the separation of hydrogen from natural gas.
View Report
- Weydahl Heggum SINTEF Rein
Summary
CO2 Transport. A presentation by Torleif Weydahl of SINTEF and Geir
Heggum of Reinertsen into CO2 properties for transportation.
View Report
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CCP Annual Summary 2002
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Geologic Storage
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HSE Risk Asessment
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Geologic Storage of CO2: Lessons Learned by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Berkeley, CA, USA
Summary
Deep
Geologic Storage of CO2: Risk Assessment
This report was completed by the Earth Sciences Division of
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, USA. It is a large and
comprehensive study of existing, published data.
The study gathers and interprets relevant information on
assessing, managing and mitigating risks associated with the deep geologic
storage of CO2. The study highlights a number of similar activities (geologic
gas storage etc) as well as naturally occurring analogs (volcanic activity and
geologic hydrocarbon reservoirs) for the deep geologic storage of CO2. Lessons
learned are described, and the report recommends further work in the areas of
risk assessment, management and mitigation.
To view the report, click below:
Geologic Storage of CO2: Lessons Learned by Lawrence
Berkeley National Lab. Berkeley, CA, USA
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Next Generation Capture and Storage (NGCAS)
Summary
This project is
cooperatively funded by European Union (EU) and the CO2Capture
Joint-Industry (CCP), with a total budget of around one million
Euros. It has multiple objectives related to CO2Capture and
geological storage, including basin modeling for CO2 storage and
technology transfer through newsletters and workshops. The
project is due to complete in 2004. The report below is an
interim report dated January 2003.
To view the report, click below:
Next Generation Capture and Storage (NGCAS) Summary
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HSE Risk Assessment of CO2 Leakage
Summary This
project is being carried out by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and is
co-funded by the US Department of Energy. The project is
developing a coupled framework for HSE risk assessment for geological
storage of CO2. The framework will couple: (i)
geological description of the reservoir, caprock and shallower
formations
(ii) simulation of subsurface CO2 migration
(iii) CO2 dispersion over the ground surface and into buildings
(iv) expesures to human and ecological receptors
(v) risk characterization This
framework can be used to assess the risks to plants, humans and
other animals, of various leakage and seepage scenarios. Such
a risk assessment would normally be carried out prior to the
development of a sequenstration project. The
project is due to complete in 2003. The report below is an
interim report dated January 2003.
To view the report, click below:
HSE
Risk Assessment of CO2 Leakage
Summary
- Optimization
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Long-term Storage of CO2: Industry Experience
Summary This project by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology studies over 135 reservoirs in
the USA into which carbon dioxide (CO2) is either being injected, has been injected or will be injected.
The petroleum
industry has been injecting CO2 into geologic formations for about fifty years. Currently, about 2 billion standard cubic feet
per day (BCFD) of CO2 is being injected into geologic formations for the purpose of improving oil recovery (IOR). Though most of
the injected CO2 remains in an oil reservoir, the majority of the floods cannot be considered sequestration/storage projects
because the CO2 source is another geologic formation. However, there are a number of floods, for which the CO2 source is an
industrial by-product. These projects have the capacity to supply over 0.5 BCFD (11 million tons per year).
There is significant
experience and knowledge in the industry to separate, compress, transport, inject, and process the quantities of CO2 that are
envisioned for CO2 sequestration/storage. Improvements will occur as incentives, time and fluid volumes increase. The most
important requirement is the provision of incentives to sequester CO2.
In the short time frame that CO2 has been injected
into geological formations, seals are maintaining their integrity and retaining CO2 in place. Proven seals perform as expected
in retaining CO2. Monitoring of CO2 flow in geological formations is critical to verification of sequestration, but technical
development is in its infancy.
To view the report, click below:
Long-term Storage of CO2: Industry Experience
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Corrosion and materials selection for CO2 Transportation
Summary This
project is being carried out by the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE)
in Norway and is co-funded by Norway's Klimatek agency. The
objective is to establish a basis for materials selection for CO2
capture, compression, transportation and injection. This project
will be closely coordinated with the CCP Transporation project run by
SINTEF and Reinertsen Engineering (SINTEF/Rinertsen project).
The sub-goals will be:
- To quantify the amount of
water that can be dissolved in CO2-NGL (Max 5%) - mixtures at
50-500 bara and temperatures up to 30°C. The effect of
trace elements from the separation process will also be
addressed.
- To deliver the data needed by
the SINTEF/Reinertsen project in the development of the tool (nomogram)
to be used for cost effective development of CO2
transportation systems.
- To determine the corrosion
rate of carbon, 13%-chormium, and duplex steels in
liquid/supercritical CO2 as function of water content,
temperature and pressure and to clarify if it is possible to
extend the use of carbon steels with corrosion inhibitors.
Phase 1 of the project was
completed in October 2002. Attached is the Phase 1 report.
To view the report, click below:
Corrosion
and materials selection for CO2 Transportation
- Integrity
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Monitoring & Verification
Summary
The Fridjtof Nansen Institute is an
independent foundation engaged in research on internationsl
environmental energy and resource management politics, based in
Lysaker, Norway. This study was co-funded by the Norwegian
Government's Klimatek Agency, through their Norcap Program. The
study highlights the lack of clear distinction between geologic
(under-ground) and ocean (under-sea) storage of CO2 from the three
appropriate institutions, namely:
1. The Convention on the Prevention of
Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London
Convention)
2. The Convention for the Protection of
the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR)
3. The North Sea Conference.
The study also points to the
different views of the State Parties regarding classification of
CO2. At present the three mentioned institutions appear to have a
"wait-and-see" approach"
A Review of Atmospheric CO2
Monitoring Systems by the California Institute of
Technology
This report was completed in
February 2002 by Tang & Associates at the California Institute
of Technology (Caltech). It reviews existing methods of CO2
detection (from portable personal detectors to remote satellite
sensing). The report recommends technologies which could be
developed to provide long-term, cost-effective monitoring of
atmospheric CO2.
To view the report, click below:
Legal Aspects of Underground CO2 Storage by Fridtjof Nansen Institute
This report was completed in February 2002 by Tang & Associates at the
California Institute of Technology (Caltech). It reviews existing methods of
CO2 detection (from portable personal detectors to remote satellite
sensing). The report recommends technologies which could be developed to
provide long-term, cost-effective monitoring of atmospheric CO2.
To view the report, click below:
A Review of Atmospheric CO2 Monitoring Systems by the California Institute of Technology
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Economics
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Policies
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Policies and Incentives Developments in CO2 Capture and Storage Technology
Summary
This summary report (dated April 2004) by the CCP Policies and
Incentives Team comprises:
- A comprehensive survey of existing policies, regulations, and
incentives that impact or benefit CO2 capture, injection and storage
in geologic formations.
- Gap analysis necessary to formulate the regulatory and policy
framework that will show how to get from "where we are" to "where we
want to be" in deploying the technology.
View the Report
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Update and Studies of Selected Issues Related to Government and Institutional Policies and Incentives Contributing to CO2 Capture and Geological Storage
Summary
This report (dated January 2004) by Energy Resources Management of
London (UK) reviews, analyses and compares existing incentives and
public policies or regulations that allow, inhibit or stimulate the
capture of CO2 for geological storage.
The report focuses on policies, regulations, incentives, and planned
near-term measures, including any likely linkages with the Kyoto
flexible mechanisms. The report also highlights how official
policies, regulations, and incentives treat CO2 capture and geological
storage (CCS) in comparison to other measures to reduce emissions of
greenhouse gases and how this might be affected by the attitudes of
non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to geological storage.
View the Report
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January 2003: Inventory and review of government and institutional policies
and incentives contributing to CO2 capture and geological storage
Summary
This report by Energy Resources Management of London (UK) identifies, reviews and summarises existing incentives and public policies or regulations that allow, inhibit or
stimulate the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a GreenHouse Gas (GHG) mitigation option.
The report highlights how regulations, incentives and public policies treat CO2 capture and geological storage (compared to
other GHG mitigation options) and how this might develop in future.
Given the lack of experience in most countries with developing either commercial or demonstration projects for CO2 capture
and geological storage, the lack of specific regulations and tools has also been considered to determine whether it is a
constraint to future development of the technology.
View the Report
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Outreach Workshops
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